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Bioreactor: A bioreactor is a vessel in ...

Bioreactor: A bioreactor is a vessel in which a biological reaction or change takes place. The biological systems involved include enzymes, microorganisms, animal cells, plant cells, and tissues.
For thorough mixing of medium and inoculum the part of fermenter useful is:

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To solve the question regarding the part of the bioreactor that is useful for thorough mixing of medium and inoculum, we can follow these steps: ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Bioreactor**: A bioreactor is a vessel where biological reactions occur, involving various biological systems like enzymes, microorganisms, and cells. 2. **Identifying the Process**: The question specifically refers to the mixing of the medium (which provides nutrients) and the inoculum (which contains the microorganisms or cells to be cultured). ...
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Read the passage given below and answer the question: Biopolymers are polymers that are generated from renewable natural sources, are often biodegradable and nontoxic. They can be produced by biological systems (i.e. microorganisms, plants and animals), or chemically synthesized from biological materials (e.g., sugars, starch, natural fats or oils, etc.). Two strategies are applied in converting these raw materials into biodegradable polymers: extraction of the native polymer from a plant or animal tissue, and a chemical or biotechnological route of monomer polymerization. Biodegradable biopolymers (BDP) are an alternative to petroleum-based polymers (traditional plastics). Some BDP degrade in only a few weeks, while the degradation of others takes several months. In principle the properties relevant for application as well as biodegradability are determined by the molecular structure. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials, biopolymers are degradable polymers in which degradation results from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an example of biopolymer. It is a thermoplastic polyester. Generally, there are two major routes to produce polylactic acid from the lactic acid (CH_(3)CH(OH) COOH) monomer. The first route involves condensation-water removal by the use of solvent under high vacuum and temperature. This approach produces a low to intermediate molar mass polymer. An alternative method is to remove water under milder conditions, without solvent, to produce a cyclic intermediate dimer, referred to as lactide. This intermediate is readily purified by vacuum distillation. Ring opening polymerization of the dimer is accomplished under heat, again without the need for solvent. By controlling the purity of the dimer it is possible to produce a wide range of molar masses .PLA is a good material for production of clothing, carpet tiles, interior and outdoor furnishing, geotextiles, bags, filtration systems, etc. The primary biodegradability of PLA was tested using hydrolysis tests at various composting temperatures and pH. It was demonstrated that composting is a useful method for PLA biodegradation. The degradation rate is very slow in ambient temperatures. A 2017 study found that at 25^(@)C in sea water, PLA showed no degradation over a year. As a result, it is poorly degraded in landfills and household composts, but is effectively digested in hotter industrial composts. (source: Flieger, M., Kantorová, M., Prell, A., Rezanka, T., & Votruba, J. (2003). Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources. Folia Microbiologica, 48(1), 27 44. doi:10.1007/bf02931273) In the question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: The degradation of PLA is very slow in ambient temperature. Reason: PLA is a thermoplastic.

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The coordination compounds are of great importance. These compounds are widely present in the mineral, plant and animal worlds and are known to play many important functions in the area of analytical chemistry, metallurgy, biological systems, industry and medicine. Which of the following reagents can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis (based on colour reactions) as well as for estimation of hardness of water ?

Assertion: A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for achieving the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions. Reason :Bioreactors are vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products using microbial, plant or animal cells