When aniline is nitrated with nitrating mixture in ice cold condition, the major product obtained is

Options

A. p-nitroaniline
B. 2,4-dinitroaniline
C. o-nitroaniline
D. m-nitroaniline

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the nitration of aniline in ice-cold conditions, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Reactants
Aniline (C6H5NH2) is an aromatic amine where the amino group (-NH2) is directly attached to a benzene ring. The nitrating mixture typically consists of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

**Hint:** Identify the functional groups present in the reactants and their positions on the benzene ring.

### Step 2: Identify the Reaction Conditions
The reaction is performed under ice-cold conditions (0 degrees Celsius). This is important because temperature affects the reactivity of the aromatic compound and the position of substitution.

**Hint:** Recall how temperature influences electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

### Step 3: Determine the Electrophile
In the nitration process, the electrophile is the nitronium ion (NO2+), which is generated from the reaction of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

**Hint:** Remember that the electrophile in nitration is crucial for determining the position of substitution on the benzene ring.

### Step 4: Analyze the Directing Effects
The amino group (-NH2) is a strong activating group and is ortho/para-directing. This means that it will direct incoming electrophiles to the ortho and para positions relative to itself on the benzene ring.

**Hint:** Consider how substituents on the benzene ring influence the positions where new groups can be added.

### Step 5: Identify the Major Product
Since the reaction occurs in ice-cold conditions, the para product is favored over the ortho product due to steric hindrance. Therefore, when aniline is nitrated, the major product will be para-nitroaniline (C6H4(NH2)(NO2) at the para position).

**Hint:** Think about steric factors and how they influence the stability of the products formed.

### Conclusion
The major product obtained when aniline is nitrated with a nitrating mixture in ice-cold conditions is **para-nitroaniline**.

**Final Answer:** Para-nitroaniline.

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