In addition to Malpighian tubules, which of the following also helps in excretion in cockroach

Options

A. Nephrocytes
B. Urecose glands
C. Fat body
D. All

Explanation

To solve the question "In addition to Malpighian tubules, which of the following also helps in excretion in cockroach?", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Role of Malpighian Tubules**:
- Malpighian tubules are the primary excretory structures in cockroaches. They help in the removal of nitrogenous waste from the hemolymph (the insect equivalent of blood) and play a crucial role in osmoregulation.

2. **Identify Other Excretory Structures**:
- In addition to Malpighian tubules, there are other structures that contribute to excretion in cockroaches. These include:
- **Nephrocytes**: These are specialized cells that help in the filtration of waste materials from the hemolymph.
- **Uricose Glands**: These glands also assist in the excretion of waste products, particularly uric acid.
- **Fat Body**: While primarily involved in energy storage and metabolism, fat bodies can also play a role in the detoxification and excretion of certain waste materials.

3. **Evaluate the Options**:
- Given the options:
- A) Nephrocytes
- B) Uricose glands
- C) Fat body
- D) All of the above
- Since all the listed structures contribute to the excretion process in cockroaches, we can conclude that the correct answer is option D.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, in addition to Malpighian tubules, all of the mentioned structures (nephrocytes, uricose glands, and fat body) help in excretion in cockroaches.

### Final Answer:
**D) All of the above**

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