For effecetive treatment of the disease, early diagnosis and understanding its pathophysiology is very important. Which of the following molecular diagnostic techniques is useful for early detection?

Options

A. Southern Blotting Technique
B. ELISA Technique
C. Hybridization Technique
D. Western Blotting Technique

Answer

A, B

Explanation

Enzyme Linked Immuno sorbent Assay (ELISA) can be used for early detection of an infection either by detecting the presence of pathogenic antigen or by detecting the antibodies synthesized against the pathogen. Recombinant DNA technology and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are some of the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis.
• Southern blotting is used to detect a specific DNA sequence in the given sample and can be detected prior to antibody formation. One can detect presence of pathogenic DNA/RNA.
• In hybridization technique a ssDNA / ssRNA tagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridize its complementary DNA in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography. It is used to find a mutated gene.
• Western blotting technique is used to detect a specific protein molecule among a mixture of proteins.