Which of the following statements is incorrect

Options

A. Lichen, an association of fungus and algae is an example of Mutualism
B. Those Epiphytes which use other plants for support only and not for water or food supply are examples of commensalism
C. Sea-anemone on hermit-crab is an example of proto cooperation
D. Mutualism, proto cooperation, commensalism cannot
be included under Symbiosis

Explanation

To determine which statement is incorrect, we will analyze each statement one by one:

1. **Statement 1**: "Lichens are associations of fungi and algae."
- This statement is correct. Lichens are indeed a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae (or cyanobacteria), where the fungi provide structure and protection, while the algae perform photosynthesis to provide food.

2. **Statement 2**: "Epiphytes use other plants for support only and not for food or water supply, which is an example of commensalism."
- This statement is also correct. Epiphytes grow on other plants for physical support but do not derive nutrients or water from them, which fits the definition of commensalism where one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

3. **Statement 3**: "The relationship between clownfish and sea anemones is an example of proto-cooperation."
- This statement is correct. The clownfish and sea anemone have a mutualistic relationship where both benefit, but it can also be classified under proto-cooperation as they can survive independently of each other.

4. **Statement 4**: "Mutualism, proto-cooperation, and commensalism cannot be included in symbiotic relationships."
- This statement is incorrect. Mutualism and proto-cooperation are types of symbiotic relationships where both species benefit, while commensalism involves one benefiting and the other being unaffected. Therefore, they all fall under the broader category of symbiotic relationships.

Based on the analysis, the incorrect statement is **Statement 4**.

### Final Answer:
The incorrect statement is: **"Mutualism, proto-cooperation, and commensalism cannot be included in symbiotic relationships."**

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