Which one of the following series include the orders ranales, parietales and malvales

Options

A. Bicarpellatae
B. Thalamiflorae
C. Calyciflorea
D. Disciflorae

Explanation

To solve the question regarding which series includes the orders Ranales, Parietales, and Malvales, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Classification System**: The classification of flowering plants was significantly advanced by Bentham and Hooker, who categorized plants into various series based on their morphological characteristics.

2. **Identify the Orders**: The orders mentioned in the question are:
- Ranales
- Parietales
- Malvales

3. **Determine the Series**: According to Bentham and Hooker's classification, these orders belong to a specific series. The series that includes Ranales, Parietales, and Malvales is known as the **Thalamiflorae** series.

4. **Characteristics of Thalamiflorae**:
- The petals in this series are usually free (not fused).
- The thalamus (the receptacle of the flower) is typically large and cup-shaped.
- The ovary is generally superior.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the series that includes the orders Ranales, Parietales, and Malvales is the **Thalamiflorae** series.

### Final Answer:
The series that includes the orders Ranales, Parietales, and Malvales is **Thalamiflorae**.