The site of oxygen evolution and photosynthetic phosphorylation in chloroplast are

Options

A. Matrix
B. Grana stacks
C. Inner wall of chloroplast
D. Surface of chloroplast

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Chloroplast Structure**: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis. They contain structures called thylakoids, which are organized into stacks known as grana.

2. **Identifying Key Processes**: The two main processes of interest in the question are:
- Oxygen evolution: This refers to the release of oxygen during photosynthesis, specifically during the photolysis of water.
- Photosynthetic phosphorylation: This is the process of adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP, which occurs during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

3. **Locating Photosystem II**: Photosystem II (PSII) is crucial for both oxygen evolution and photophosphorylation. It is located on the inner surface of the thylakoid membranes within the grana.

4. **Oxygen Evolution**: The photolysis of water occurs at PSII, where water molecules are split to release oxygen. This process takes place in the thylakoids of the grana.

5. **Photosynthetic Phosphorylation**: The ATP synthesis (photosynthetic phosphorylation) also occurs in the thylakoids, where the energy from light is used to convert ADP into ATP.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, both oxygen evolution and photosynthetic phosphorylation occur in the thylakoids of the grana in chloroplasts.

**Final Answer**: The site of oxygen evolution and photosynthetic phosphorylation in chloroplasts is the thylakoids located in the grana.

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