The processes by which mRNA is made by DNA and protein by mRNA are respectively called as

Options

A. Transcription and translation
B. Translation and transcription
C. Synthesis of mRNA and protein
D. Replication of mRNA and protein

Explanation

To answer the question regarding the processes by which mRNA is made by DNA and protein is made by mRNA, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology**:
- The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It explains how DNA is transcribed to mRNA, which is then translated into proteins.

2. **Identifying the Process of mRNA Synthesis**:
- The first part of the question asks about the process by which mRNA is synthesized from DNA. This process is known as **Transcription**. During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA.

3. **Identifying the Process of Protein Synthesis**:
- The second part of the question refers to the process by which proteins are synthesized from mRNA. This process is called **Translation**. During translation, the mRNA sequence is read by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein.

4. **Combining the Answers**:
- Therefore, the processes are:
- mRNA is made by DNA: **Transcription**
- Protein is made by mRNA: **Translation**

5. **Final Answer**:
- The correct answer to the question is: **Transcription and Translation**.