Measures to check the sea surface temperature #shorts #upsc #mains #geography #optional #competitive

The solar constant is the amount of heat energy received per second per unit area of a perfectly black surface placed at a mean distance of the Earth form the Sun, in the absence of Earth's atmosphere, the surface being held perpendicular to the direction of Sun's rays. Its value is 1388 W//m^(2) . If the solar constant for the earth is 's'. The surface temperature of the sun is TK,D is the diameter of the sun, R is the mean distance of the Earth from the sun. The sun subtends a small angle 'theta' at the earth. Then correct options is/are:-

A man standing on sea-shore sees an elongated image (shown by dashed line) of a floating object AB. In fact he finds the image to be oscillating due to air turbu- lence. Figure (ii) gives three plots (a, b and c) of height from the water surface vs air temperature. Which one best illustrates the air-temperature condition that can create this image? [Many people have seen sea monsters due to this phenomena!]