X-ray को X-ray क्यों कहा जाता है | top amazing facts in hindi | most amazing random facts in hindi

A book has been co-authored by X and Y. the prices of the book in India and abroad are ₹800 and ₹1000 respectively. The royalties earned on sale in India and abroad are 10% and 16% respectively. the royalty amount is distributed among X and Y in the ratio 5:3. The given bar graph presents the number of copies of the book sold in India (A) and abroad (B) during 2012-16. एक पुस्तक का सह-लेखन X और Yद्वारा किया गया है| भारत में और विदेश में पुस्तक का मूल्य क्रमशः ₹800 और ₹1000 है| भारत और विदेश में बिक्री पर अर्जित स्वत्व शुल्क (रॉयल्टी] क्रमशः 10% और 16% है| स्वत्व शुल्क[ रॉयल्टी] की धनराशि को X और Y के बीच 5:3 के अनुपात में वितरित किया जाता है| दिया गया स्तम्भ आलेख (बार ग्राफ] 2012-16 के दौरान भारत (A) और विदेश (B) में बिक्री पुस्तक की संख्या को दर्शाता है| What is the difference between the royalties earned by X and Y (in ₹) during the years 2014 and 2015 taken together? वर्ष 2014 और 2015 को मिलाकर X तथा Y द्वारा अर्जित स्वत्व शुल्क (रॉयल्टी) में कितना अंतर (₹ में) है?

A ray of light travelling with a speed c leaves point 1 shown in figure and is reflected to point 2. The ray strikes the reflecting surface at a distance x from point 1. According to Fermat's principle of least time, among all possible paths between two points , the one actually taken by a ray of light is that for which the time taken is the least (In fact there are some cases in which the time taken by a ray is maximum rather than a minimum). Find the time for the ray to reach from point 1 to point 2.

A ray of light travelling with a speed c leaves point 1 shown in figure and is reflected to point 2. The ray strikes the reflecting surface at a distance x from point 1. According to Fermat's principle of least time, among all possible paths between two points , the one actually taken by a ray of light is that for which the time taken is the least (In fact there are some cases in which the time taken by a ray is maximum rather than a minimum). Under what condition is time taken least?

A ray of light travelling with a speed c leaves point 1 shown in figure and is reflected to point 2. The ray strikes the reflecting surface at a distance x from point 1. According to Fermat's principle of least time, among all possible paths between two points , the one actually taken by a ray of light is that for which the time taken is the least (In fact there are some cases in which the time taken by a ray is maximum rather than a minimum). Which of the following statement is in accordance with Fermat's principle

A beaker contains acid and water in the ratio 1 : x. When 300 ml of the mixture and 50 ml of water are mixed, the ratio of acid and water becomes 2 : 5. What is the value of x? एक बीकर में एसिड और पानी का अनुपात 1:x है। जब 300ml मिश्रण और 50 ml पानी को मिलाया जाता है तो एसिड और पानी के मिश्रण का अनुपात 2 : 5 हो जाता है। x का मान क्या होगा?

White X-rays are called 'white' due to the fact that:

The properties of x -rays as put forwarded by Rontgen in his pioneering paper on the topic are as follos: X -rays posses a very strong pentrative power it can penetrate wood upto 3cm and and aluminium foil upto 15mm . If the hand if the hand is held between the discharge tube and the screen the dark shadow of the of the bones os visible within the slightly dark shadow of the hand" photographc plates and film "show themselves susceptible to x - rays " Hence , photography provided a valuable method of studying the effect of x -rays x rays neither reflected nor reflected refracted (so far as Rontgen could discover ). Hence , " X - rays as cannot be concerted by lenses" X - rays discharge electrified bodies , whether the electrification is positive or negative . X -rays are generated when the cathode rays of the discharge tube strike any solid body .A heavier element , such as plantium , however is much more efficient as a generator of X - rays than a lighter element , such as aluminium . Most of Rontgen 's observation stood the test of time, though some of them needed to be modified later. ,brgt Now today we know if electron are accelerated through a potential difference V , then maximum energy of emitted photon could be E_(max)=eV, (hc)/(lambda_(min))=(hc)/(eV) lambda_(min) is also called cut off wavelength . since electron may loose very small energy in a given collision, the upper value of lambd eill approach infinity . when X -rays is produced in X -ray tube , two types of X -rays spectra and line are observed: continous spectra and line spectra. A continous spectra is produced by bremsstrahlung, the electromagnetic radiation produced when free electron are accelerated during collision with ions. A line spectrum result when an electra having sufficient energy collides with a heavy atom, and an electr in an inner energy level is ejected from the atom . An electra from an outer energy level then fills the vacant inner energy level, resulting in emission of an X -ray photon. The electron knocks out an inner shell electron of the atom with which it collides . Let us take an hypothetical case of a target atom whose K- shell electron has been knocked out as shown. this will create a vacancy in K-shell . sensing this vacancy an electron from a higher energy state may make a trasition to thsi vacant state. when such a transition take placce the differece of energy is converted into photon of electromagnetic radiation, which is called charactertistic X -rays . Now depending upon the shell from which an electron make a trasition to K -shell we may have different lines in the K series of X rays e.g. if electron from L shell jumps to K shell we have K_(alpha), if electron from M shell jumps to K shell we have K_(beta) X -rays and so . on . Monseley conducted many experiment on characteristic X -rays , the finding of whcih played an inportant role in . developing the concept opf atomic number . Moseley's observation can be expressed as sqrtv=a(Z-b) where a and b are constants. Z is the atomic number of target atom n is the frequency . X -rays of high penetratrating power are called hard X -ray. Hard X -rays have energy of the order of 10^(5)eV . the minimum potential differece through ehich the electron should be accelerated in an X -ray tube to obtain X -ray of energy 10^(5)eV is: