Given below is the step-by-step process in the formation of yoghurt (curd) in a bioreactor.

(a) Why does the pH start decreasing a while after the mixture is incubated at 37-44 °C?
(b) From the flowchart, identify two systems that the bioreactor would have. Give a reason to support your answer.

Shalini, after acquiring a degree in Hotel Mangement and Business Administation took over her family food processing company of manufacturing pickles,jams and squashes. The business was established by her great grandmother and was doing reasonably well. However the fixed operating costs of the business were high and the cash flow position was weak. She wanted to undertake modernisation of the existing business to indroduce the latest manufacturing processes and diversify into the market of chocolates and candites. she was very enthusiatic and approached a finance consultant, and expansion programme. He also informed her that the stock market was going thorugh a bullish phase. (a) Keeping the above considerations in mind, name the source of finace Shalini should not choose for financing the modernisation and expansion of her food processing business. Give one reason in support of your answer. (b) Explain any too other facotrs, apart from those staed in the above situation, which Shalini should keep in mind while taking this decision.

Given below is the representation of amino acid composition of the relevant translated portion of beta -chain of haemoglobin, related to the shape of human red blood cells. (a) Is this representation indicating a normal human or a sufferer from certain related genetic disease? Give reason in support of your answer. (b) What difference would be noticed in the phenotype of the normal and the sufferer related to this gene? (c) Who are likely to suffer more from the defect related to the gene represented the males, the females or both males and females equally? And why?

Given below is the representation of a relevant part of amino acid composition of the beta -chain of haemoglobin, related to the shape of human red blood cells. (a) Is this representation of the sequence of amino acids indicating a normal human or a sufferer from a certain blood related genetic disease ? Give reason in support of your answer. (b) Why is the disease referred to as a Mendelian disorder ? Explain.

The break-down of glucose in a cell occurs in any of the following pathways : Three experiments (A, B, C) have been set up. In each experiment, a flask contains the organism in growth medium, glucose and a brown dye that changes its colour to yellow when the pH decreases. The mouth of the flask is attached to a test tube containing lime water (Calcium hydroxide , as shown in the figure) . In C, but not in A and B , air is removed from the flask before beginning the experiment. After a period of growth, the following observation were made : A : Lime water turns milky , the dye colour remains the same B : The dye colour changes , lime water does not turn milky C : Lime water turns milky , the dye colour remains the same (a) Question : Identify which of the reactions is the pathways depicted above is taking place in each experiment . Give reasons for your answer . (b) Question : Identify which of the reactions in the pathways depicted above is expected to occur in Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

When bromobenzene is monochlorinated two isomeric compounds (A) and (B) are obtained. Monobromination of (A) gives several isomeric products of molecular formula C_(6)H_(3)CIBr_(2) while monobromination of (B) yields only two isomers (C) and (D). compound (C) is identical with one of the compounds obtained from the bromination of (A), however (D) is totally different from any of the isomeric compounds obtained from the bromination of (A). Give the structure of (A),(B),(C) and (D) and also structures of isomeric monobrominated products of(A). Support your answer with reasoning.

Each of the questions below consists of a question and two statements numbered I and II given below it. You have to decide whether the data provided in the statements are sufflcient to answer the question. Read both the statements and give answer 1) if the data in statement I alone are sufficient to answer the question while the data in statement II alone are not sufficient to answer the question. 2) if the data in statement II alone are sufficient to answer the question while the data in statement I alone are not sufficient to answer the question. 3) if the data either in statement I alone or in statement II alone are sufficient to answer the question. 4) if the data even in both statements I and II together are not sufficient to answer the question. 5) if the data in both statements I and II together are necessary to answer the question. Two cars start traveling from different points and in opposite directions in a circuit race at a constant speed. How much faster is one car going than the other? I. The distances from A to B, B to C, and C to A are the same. II. H. The cars cross for the first time at point A, the second time at point B, the third time at point C, and the fourth time again at point A.