Structure of an Atom | Parmanu Ki Sanrachna | थॉमसन तथा रदरफोर्ड मॉडल | L- 2 | NEET 2023 | Chemistry

Atomic Structure L2

Read the passage given below and answer the question: In the last 10 years much has been learned about the molecular structure of elemental sulfur. It is now known that many different types of rings are sufficiently metastable to exist at room temperature for several days. It is known that at high temperature, the equilibrium composition allows for a variety of rings and chains to exist in comparable concentration, and it is known that at the boiling point and above, the vapor as well as the liquid contains small species with three, four, and five atoms. The sulfur atom has the same number of valence electrons as oxygen. Thus, sulfur atoms S_2 and S_3 have physical and chemical properties analogous to those of oxygen and ozone. S_2 has a ground state of 38 sigma 3s^2 sigma "*"3s^2 sigma 3pz^2 pi 3px^2=pi3py^2 pi"*"3px^1=pi"*"3py^1.S3 , thiozone has a well- known uv spectrum, and has a bent structure, analogous to its isovalent molecules O_3, SO_2 , and S_2O . The chemistry of the two elements, sulphur and oxygen, differs because sulfur has a pronounced tendency for catenation. The most frequently quoted explanation is based on the electron structure of the atom. Sulfur has low-lying unoccupied 3d orbitals, and it is widely believed that the 4s and 3d orbitals of sulfur participate in bonding in a manner similar to the participation of 2s and 2p orbitals in carbon. (source: Meyer, B. (1976). Elemental sulfur. Chemical Reviews, 76(3), 367-388. doi:10. 1021//cr603010003 ) In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: Thiozone has bent structure like ozone. Reason: Ozone has a lone pair which makes the molecule bent.

Read the passage given below and answer the question: In the last 10 years much has been learned about the molecular structure of elemental sulfur. It is now known that many different types of rings are sufficiently metastable to exist at room temperature for several days. It is known that at high temperature, the equilibrium composition allows for a variety of rings and chains to exist in comparable concentration, and it is known that at the boiling point and above, the vapor as well as the liquid contains small species with three, four, and five atoms. The sulfur atom has the same number of valence electrons as oxygen. Thus, sulfur atoms S_2 and S_3 have physical and chemical properties analogous to those of oxygen and ozone. S_2 has a ground state of 38 sigma 3s^2 sigma "*"3s^2 sigma 3pz^2 pi 3px^2=pi3py^2 pi"*"3px^1=pi"*"3py^1.S3 , thiozone has a well- known uv spectrum, and has a bent structure, analogous to its isovalent molecules O_3, SO_2 , and S_2O . The chemistry of the two elements, sulphur and oxygen, differs because sulfur has a pronounced tendency for catenation. The most frequently quoted explanation is based on the electron structure of the atom. Sulfur has low-lying unoccupied 3d orbitals, and it is widely believed that the 4s and 3d orbitals of sulfur participate in bonding in a manner similar to the participation of 2s and 2p orbitals in carbon. (source: Meyer, B. (1976). Elemental sulfur. Chemical Reviews, 76(3), 367-388. doi:10. 1021//cr603010003 ) In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: S2 is paramagnetic in nature Reason: The electrons in pi"*"3px and pi"*"3py orbitals in S_2 are unpaired.

Read the passage given below and answer question: In the last 10 years much has been learned about the molecular structure of elemental sulfur. It is now known that many different types of rings are sufficiently metastable to exist at room temperature for several days. It is known that at high temperature, the equilibrium composition allows for a variety of rings and chains to exist in comparable concentration, and it is known that at the boiling point and above, the vapor as well as the liquid contains small species with three, four, and five atoms. The sulfur atom has the same number of valence electrons as oxygen. Thus, sulfur atoms S_2 and S_3 have physical and chemical properties analogous to those of oxygen and ozone. S_2 has a ground state of 38 sigma 3s^2 sigma "*"3s^2 sigma 3pz^2 pi 3px^2=pi3py^2 pi"*"3px^1=pi"*"3py^1.S3 , thiozone has a well- known uv spectrum, and has a bent structure, analogous to its isovalent molecules O_3, SO_2 , and S_2O . The chemistry of the two elements, sulphur and oxygen, differs because sulfur has a pronounced tendency for catenation. The most frequently quoted explanation is based on the electron structure of the atom. Sulfur has low-lying unoccupied 3d orbitals, and it is widely believed that the 4s and 3d orbitals of sulfur participate in bonding in a manner similar to the participation of 2s and 2p orbitals in carbon. (source: Meyer, B. (1976). Elemental sulfur. Chemical Reviews, 76(3), 367-388. doi:10. 1021//cr603010003 ) In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: Sulphur belongs to same group in the periodic table as oxygen. Reason: S_2 has properties analogous to O_2 .

Read the passage given below and answer the question: In the last 10 years much has been learned about the molecular structure of elemental sulfur. It is now known that many different types of rings are sufficiently metastable to exist at room temperature for several days. It is known that at high temperature, the equilibrium composition allows for a variety of rings and chains to exist in comparable concentration, and it is known that at the boiling point and above, the vapor as well as the liquid contains small species with three, four, and five atoms. The sulfur atom has the same number of valence electrons as oxygen. Thus, sulfur atoms S_2 and S_3 have physical and chemical properties analogous to those of oxygen and ozone. S_2 has a ground state of 38 sigma 3s^2 sigma "*"3s^2 sigma 3pz^2 pi 3px^2=pi3py^2 pi"*"3px^1=pi"*"3py^1.S3 , thiozone has a well- known uv spectrum, and has a bent structure, analogous to its isovalent molecules O_3, SO_2 , and S_2O . The chemistry of the two elements, sulphur and oxygen, differs because sulfur has a pronounced tendency for catenation. The most frequently quoted explanation is based on the electron structure of the atom. Sulfur has low-lying unoccupied 3d orbitals, and it is widely believed that the 4s and 3d orbitals of sulfur participate in bonding in a manner similar to the participation of 2s and 2p orbitals in carbon. (source: Meyer, B. (1976). Elemental sulfur. Chemical Reviews, 76(3), 367-388. doi:10. 1021//cr603010003 ) In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the choices on the basis of the above passage. Assertion: Sulphur has a greater tendency for catenation than oxygen. Reason: 3d and 4s orbitals of Sulphur have same energy.

In chemistry, 'mole' is an essential tool for the chemical calculations. It is a basic SI unit adopted by the 14^(th) general conference on weights and measurements in 1971. A mole contains as many elementary particles as the number of atoms present in 12 g of ""^(12)C . 1 mole of a gas at STP occupies 22.4 litre volume. Molar volume of solids and liquids is not definite. Molar mass of a substance is also called gram-atomic mass or gram molecular mass. The virtual meaning of mole is plenty, heap or the collection of large numbers. 1 mole of a substance contains 6.022 xx 10^(23) elementary particles like atom or molecule. Atomic mass unit (amu) is the unit of atomic mass, e.g., atomic mass of single carbon is 12 amu. XL N_(2) , gas at STP contains 3xx10^(22) molecules. The number of molecules in x L ozone at STP will be