Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow. In a cartoon, whenever someone has a bright new idea, a light bulb lights up over his head. What is the catalyst for ground-breaking inventions? In his new book, the journalist Jonah Lehrer examines some classic case studies. The idea for post it notes came about when Arthur Fry, an engineer at 3 M, was day-dreaming in Church, thinking how annoying it was that the bookmarks he'd placed in his hymn book so frequently fell out. He, then remembered a 3 M colleague's talk about a new glue he'd developed: a paste so feeble that it could barely hold two pieces of paper together. That weak glue, Fry suddenly thought, might help him create the perfect bookmark, one that would stay put. In describing such creation myths, Lehrer, a contributing editor at 'Wired' and contributor to "The New Yorker explains the mysteries of the imagination and the Science of innovation, Lehrer takes scientific concepts and makes them accessible to the lay reader while giving practical insights for self-improvement tips along the way. With these suggestions, the book implies, you too might be able to maximise your creative output. The 18th century philosopher David Hume, Lehrer notes, argued that invention was often an act of recombination, of compounding an idea or transposing it from one field to another. "Johannes Gutenberg transformed his knowledge of wine presses into an idea for a printing machine capable of mass-producing words". George De Mestral came up with Velcro after noticing burrs clinging to the fur of his dog. In each case, Lehrer points out, "the radical concept was merely a new mixture of old ideas," and of thinking out of the box. The word 'catalyst' in para 1 means
