Gaseous state part 01| Intro Boyels law Charles law |Class 11th | Chapter 05 | Vikram HAP Chemistry

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. There may be some merit in this, but clearly, we need to look at the hawkers issue more broadly. For quite some time now, many middle-class citizens groups have urged strict action against hawkers, asking residents not to favour their business. The terms routinely used to refer to hawkers and vendors is “menace”, with their everyday businesses described as “encroachments” on public space. This, despite the fact that an existing 2014 central law, the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, protects their presence as a part of the right to livelihood. The law specifies the number of licensed hawkers permitted and outlines the process to implement a fair street vending policy. Mumbai and other cities have failed to implement the law to date, with the Mumbai municipality having frozen hawker licenses since 1978. As a result, only a fraction of Mumbai’s hawkers are licensed. Hawkers desire legal status — their illegality makes them vulnerable to extortion and harassment by a whole range of State and non-State actors. Unfortunately, by looking upon the hawkers question as only a clearing of pavements issue, we have neglected to see their contribution in several other ways. Firstly, hawkers are not the only ones sullying our pavements. But they are far easier to target as villains than the middle-class who use pavements for car parking and shops/restaurants who unabashedly extend their shopfronts onto footpaths. Secondly, hawking is also an employment issue. It provides the urban poor a means to earn a legitimate livelihood, and in fact, many sell goods produced in small-scale or home-based industries. What makes the middle class too guilty of the same crime they blame hawkers?

One day Vabhav was performing experiments in the science laboratory based on the of chemical combination. Just then his chemistry teacher, Mr. Rajeev, came into the laboratory. Mr. Rajeev told Vaibhav that in an experiment conducted byby a class IX student when 10.6 g of sodium carbonate was reacted with 12.0g of ethanoic acid in a closed flask, then 16.4 g of sodium ethanoate, 4.4 g of carbon dioxide and an unknown mass of substances Y were produced. Mr. Rajeev asked Vaibhav to make use of this information and answer the following questions : (a) Write a word equation for the reaction which takes place on reacting sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid (b) Which is the substance Y which is produced in this reaction ? (c) What mass of substance Y is produced in this reaction ? (d) Which law of chemical combination has been made use of in calculating the mass of substance Y ? State this law (e) What values are displayed by Vaibhav in this eposide ?