TIR

Assertion:- Images formed by TIR (Total internal reflection) are much brighter than formed by mirrors or lenses. Reason:- IN TIR, there is no loss of intensity while in case of reflection from mirrors or refraction from plane surfaces or lenses there is some loss of intensity as all light can never be reflected or refracted.

The refractive index of the material of a prism of refracting angle 45^@ is 1.6 for a certain monochromatic ray. What will be the minimum angle of incidence of this ray on the prism so that no TIR takes place as the ray comes out of the prism.

Consider a an equilateral prism ABC of glass (mu= (3)/(2)) placed in water (mu=(4)/(3)) {:("Column"I, "Column"II), ((A) FG "is parralel to" BC , (P) "Maximum deviation"),((B) i_(1) = 90^(@) , (Q) "Minimum deviation"), ((C) i_(1)= i_(2) = sin^(-1)((9)/(16)) , (R) TIR " will take place at surface" AC), ((D) EF "is perpendicular to" AB , (S) "No" TIR "will take place at surface" BC):}

CHC The radius of curvature of each surface of an equiconvex lens is R = 42 cm. Refractive index of the glass = 1.25. If the final image forms after four internal reflections (but not TIR) inside the lens (for paraxial ray incident beam parallel to principal axis) calculate the distance of the image from the lens, in cm.

Theory In the figure, i is increased from 0^@ "to" 90^@ . But ray of light is travelling from denser to rarer medium. Therefore, TIR will take place when igttheta_C , where theta_C=sin^-1(1/mu)=sin^-1(1/sqrt2)=45^@ From 0^@-45^@ , refraction and reflection both will take place. After 45^@ , only reflection will take place. Question Plot delta verses i graph between incident ray and refracted ray and, for ile45^@ and with reflected ray for ige45^@.

Optical Fibre: Optical fibre works on the principle of total internal reflection. Light rays can be used to transmit a huge amount of data, but there is a problem here - the light rays travel in straight lines. So unless we have a long straight wire without any bends at all, harnessing this advantage will be very tedious. Instead, the optical cables are designed such that they bend all the light rays' inwards (using TIR). Light rays travel continuously, bouncing off the optical fibre walls and transmitting end to end data. It is usually made of plastic or glass. Modes of transmission: Single-mode fibre is used for long-distance transmission, while multi mode fiber is used for shorter distances. The outer cladding of these fibres needs better protection than metal wires. Although light signals do degrade over progressing distances due to absorption and scattering. Then, optical Regenerator system is necessary to boost the signal. Types of Optical Fibres: The types of optical fibers depend on the refractive index, materials used, and mode of propagation of light. The classification based on the refractive index is as follows: • Step Index Fibres: It consists of a core surrounded by the cladding, which has a single uniform index of refraction. • Graded Index Fibres: The refractive index of the optical fibre decreases as the radial distance from the fibre axis increases. Optical fibre is made of:

Optical Fibre: Optical fibre works on the principle of total internal reflection. Light rays can be used to transmit a huge amount of data, but there is a problem here - the light rays travel in straight lines. So unless we have a long straight wire without any bends at all, harnessing this advantage will be very tedious. Instead, the optical cables are designed such that they bend all the light rays' inwards (using TIR). Light rays travel continuously, bouncing off the optical fibre walls and transmitting end to end data. It is usually made of plastic or glass. Modes of transmission: Single-mode fibre is used for long-distance transmission, while multi mode fiber is used for shorter distances. The outer cladding of these fibres needs better protection than metal wires. Although light signals do degrade over progressing distances due to absorption and scattering. Then, optical Regenerator system is necessary to boost the signal. Types of Optical Fibres: The types of optical fibers depend on the refractive index, materials used, and mode of propagation of light. The classification based on the refractive index is as follows: • Step Index Fibres: It consists of a core surrounded by the cladding, which has a single uniform index of refraction. • Graded Index Fibres: The refractive index of the optical fibre decreases as the radial distance from the fibre axis increases. Light signal through optical fibre may degrade due to:

Optical Fibre: Optical fibre works on the principle of total internal reflection. Light rays can be used to transmit a huge amount of data, but there is a problem here - the light rays travel in straight lines. So unless we have a long straight wire without any bends at all, harnessing this advantage will be very tedious. Instead, the optical cables are designed such that they bend all the light rays' inwards (using TIR). Light rays travel continuously, bouncing off the optical fibre walls and transmitting end to end data. It is usually made of plastic or glass. Modes of transmission: Single-mode fibre is used for long-distance transmission, while multi mode fiber is used for shorter distances. The outer cladding of these fibres needs better protection than metal wires. Although light signals do degrade over progressing distances due to absorption and scattering. Then, optical Regenerator system is necessary to boost the signal. Types of Optical Fibres: The types of optical fibers depend on the refractive index, materials used, and mode of propagation of light. The classification based on the refractive index is as follows: • Step Index Fibres: It consists of a core surrounded by the cladding, which has a single uniform index of refraction. • Graded Index Fibres: The refractive index of the optical fibre decreases as the radial distance from the fibre axis increases. Optical fibre works on the principle of:

Optical Fibre: Optical fibre works on the principle of total internal reflection. Light rays can be used to transmit a huge amount of data, but there is a problem here - the light rays travel in straight lines. So unless we have a long straight wire without any bends at all, harnessing this advantage will be very tedious. Instead, the optical cables are designed such that they bend all the light rays' inwards (using TIR). Light rays travel continuously, bouncing off the optical fibre walls and transmitting end to end data. It is usually made of plastic or glass. Modes of transmission: Single-mode fibre is used for long-distance transmission, while multi mode fiber is used for shorter distances. The outer cladding of these fibres needs better protection than metal wires. Although light signals do degrade over progressing distances due to absorption and scattering. Then, optical Regenerator system is necessary to boost the signal. Types of Optical Fibres: The types of optical fibers depend on the refractive index, materials used, and mode of propagation of light. The classification based on the refractive index is as follows: • Step Index Fibres: It consists of a core surrounded by the cladding, which has a single uniform index of refraction. • Graded Index Fibres: The refractive index of the optical fibre decreases as the radial distance from the fibre axis increases. For long-distance transmission:

Optical Fibre: Optical fibre works on the principle of total internal reflection. Light rays can be used to transmit a huge amount of data, but there is a problem here - the light rays travel in straight lines. So unless we have a long straight wire without any bends at all, harnessing this advantage will be very tedious. Instead, the optical cables are designed such that they bend all the light rays' inwards (using TIR). Light rays travel continuously, bouncing off the optical fibre walls and transmitting end to end data. It is usually made of plastic or glass. Modes of transmission: Single-mode fibre is used for long-distance transmission, while multi mode fiber is used for shorter distances. The outer cladding of these fibres needs better protection than metal wires. Although light signals do degrade over progressing distances due to absorption and scattering. Then, optical Regenerator system is necessary to boost the signal. Types of Optical Fibres: The types of optical fibers depend on the refractive index, materials used, and mode of propagation of light. The classification based on the refractive index is as follows: • Step Index Fibres: It consists of a core surrounded by the cladding, which has a single uniform index of refraction. • Graded Index Fibres: The refractive index of the optical fibre decreases as the radial distance from the fibre axis increases. In graded index optical fibre: