Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?
(a) `Cl_(3)"CC"OOH gt Cl_(2)CHCOOH gt ClCH_(2)COOH`
(b) `CH_(3)CH_(2)COOHgt(CH_(3))_(2)CHCOOHgt(CH_(3))_(3)C.COOH`

Explanation

(a) -I effect as shown below :
As the number of halogen atoms decreases, the overall -I effect decreases and the acid strength decreases accordingly.

(b) +I-effect as shown below :
As the number of alkyl group increases, the +I-effect increases and the acid strength decreases accordingly.