What is Polar Vortex ? What is its effect ?

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Polar Vortex**:
- The polar vortex is a large circulation of low pressure and cold air that occurs during the winter months. It is characterized by a tight whirlpool of wind that forms in the stratosphere surrounding the polar regions, particularly Antarctica.

2. **Formation**:
- The polar vortex forms due to the significant temperature differences between the warmer mid-latitudes and the colder polar regions. This temperature gradient creates a strong circulation pattern in the atmosphere.

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