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[A] : Blood plasma is the slightly alka...

[A] : Blood plasma is the slightly alkaline, liv- ing intercellular matrix or ground fluid consti- tuting about 40-45% part of the blood.
[R]: Blood plasma does not have a balanced quantity of salt ions for proper functioning of nervous system, muscles and other tissues

A

If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B

If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

C

If A is true and R is false

D

If both A and R are false

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
D
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Human blood has a narrow Ph range of 7.3-7.4 , which must be maintained for methabolic processes to function properly. To keep the Ph in this range requires a delicate balance between the concentration of the conjugate acid-base pairs making upto the buffer system. The main buffer is a carbonic acid/ hydrogencarbonate system, which involves the following three equilibria. CO_(2)(g)hArrCO_(2)(aq) CO_(2)(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrH_(2)CO_(3)(aq) H_(2)CO(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrHCO_(3)^(-)(aq)+H_(3)O^(+)(aq) Carbonic acid (H_(2)CO_(3)) is a weak acid and HCO_(3)^(-) (aq) is its conjugate base. At the temperature of the human body, the pK_(a) for carbonic acid is 6.4 However, the normal concentration of CO_(2)(g) in the lungs maintanis a ratio of HCO_(3)^(-)(aq)//H_(2)CO_(3)(aq) in blood plasma of about 8:1 . The carbonic acid concentration in the bloos is largely controlled by breathing and respiration. Hydrogencarbonate ion concentration is largely controlled by excreation in urine. If blood pH rises above 7.4 , a potentially life-threatening conditon called alkalosis can result. This can happen in patients who are hyperventilating from severse anxiety, or in climbers suffereing from oxygen deficency at high altitude. (Given: log 2=0.3) Calculate pH of blood at the temperature of the human body.

Human blood has a narrow Ph range of 7.3-7.4 , which must be maintained for methabolic processes to function properly. To keep the Ph in this range requires a delicate balance between the concentration of the conjugate acid-base pairs making upto the buffer system. The main buffer is a carbonic acid/ hydrogencarbonate system, which involves the following three equilibria. CO_(2)(g)hArrCO_(2)(aq) CO_(2)(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrH_(2)CO_(3)(aq) H_(2)CO(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrHCO_(3)^(-)(aq)+H_(3)O^(+)(aq) Carbonic acid (H_(2)CO_(3)) is a weak acid and HCO_(3)^(-) (aq) is its conjugate base. At the temperature of the human body, the pK_(a) for carbonic acid is 6.4 However, the normal concentration of CO_(2)(g) in the lungs maintanis a ratio of HCO_(3)^(-)(aq)//H_(2)CO_(3)(aq) in blood plasma of about 8:1 . The carbonic acid concentration in the bloos is largely controlled by breathing and respiration. Hydrogencarbonate ion concentration is largely controlled by excreation in urine. If blood pH rises above 7.4 , a potentially life-threatening conditon called alkalosis can result. This can happen in patients who are hyperventilating from severse anxiety, or in climbers suffereing from oxygen deficency at high altitude. (Given: log 2=0.3) Calculate the maximum permissible value of ([H_(2)CO_(3)])/([HCO_(3)^(-)]) in the human blood to just prevent alkalosis.

Human blood has a narrow Ph range of 7.3-7.4 , which must be maintained for methabolic processes to function properly. To keep the Ph in this range requires a delicate balance between the concentration of the conjugate acid-base pairs making upto the buffer system. The main buffer is a carbonic acid/ hydrogencarbonate system, which involves the following three equilibria. CO_(2)(g)hArrCO_(2)(aq) CO_(2)(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrH_(2)CO_(3)(aq) H_(2)CO(aq)+H_(2)O(l)hArrHCO_(3)^(-)(aq)+H_(3)O^(+)(aq) Carbonic acid (H_(2)CO_(3)) is a weak acid and HCO_(3)^(-) (aq) is its conjugate base. At the temperature of the human body, the pK_(a) for carbonic acid is 6.4 However, the normal concentration of CO_(2)(g) in the lungs maintanis a ratio of HCO_(3)^(-)(aq)//H_(2)CO_(3)(aq) in blood plasma of about 8:1 . The carbonic acid concentration in the bloos is largely controlled by breathing and respiration. Hydrogencarbonate ion concentration is largely controlled by excreation in urine. If blood pH rises above 7.4 , a potentially life-threatening conditon called alkalosis can result. This can happen in patients who are hyperventilating from severse anxiety, or in climbers suffereing from oxygen deficency at high altitude. (Given: log 2=0.3) Select the correct option.

READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE CAREFULLY: 1. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DIABETES, INSULIN DEPENDENT, AND NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT. 90-95% OF THE ESTIMATED 13-14 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES WITH DIABETES HAVE NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT, OR TYPE II DIABETES. BECAUSE THIS TYPE OF DIABETES USUALLY BEGINS IN ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF 40 AND IS MOST COMMON AFTER THE AGE OF 55, IT USED TO BE CALLED ADULT-ONSET DIABETES, ITS SYMPTOMS OFTEN DEVELOP GRADUALLY AND ARE HARD TO IDENTIFY AT FIRST, THEREFORE NEARLY HALF OF ALL THE PEOPLE WITH DIABETES DO NOT KNOW IT. SO, SOMEONE WHO HAS DEVELOPED TYPE II DIABETES MAY FEEL TIRED OR ILL WITHOUT KNOWING WHY. THIS CAN BE PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS BECAUSE UNTREATED DIABETES CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE HEART, BLOOD VESSELS, EYES, KIDNEYS, AND NERVES. WHILE THE CAUSES, SHORT-TERM EFFECTS, AND TREATMENTS OF THE TWO TYPES OF DIABETES DIFFER, BOTH TYPES CAN CAUSE LONG-TERM HEALTH PROBLEMS. 2. MOST IMPORTANTLY, BOTH TYPES AFFECT THE BODY’S ABILITY TO USE DIGESTED FOOD FOR ENERGY. DIABETES DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH DIGESTION, BUT IT DOES PREVENT THE BODY FROM USING AN IMPORTANT PRODUCT OF DIGESTION, GLUCOSE, FOR ENERGY. AFTER A MEAL, THE NORMAL DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BREAKS SOME FOOD DOWN INTO GLUCOSE. THE BLOOD CARRIES THE GLUCOSE OR SUGAR THROUGHOUT THE BODY, CAUSING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO RISE. IN RESPONSE TO THIS, INSULIN IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM AND SIGNALS THE BODY TISSUES TO METABOLIZE OR BURN THE GLUCOSE FOR FUEL, WHICH CAUSES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO RETURN TO NORMAL. THE GLUCOSE THAT THE BODY DOES NOT USE IS STORED IN THE LIVER, MUSCLE OR FAT. 3. IN BOTH TYPES OF DIABETES, THE NORMAL FUNCTION OF GLANDS IS AFFECTED. A GLAND CALLED PANCREAS MAKES INSULIN. IN PEOPLE WITH INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES, THE PANCREAS DOES NOT PRODUCE INSULIN AT ALL. PEOPLE WITH NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES USUALLY PRODUCE SOME INSULIN IN THEIR PANCREAS, BUT THEIR BODY TISSUES DO NOT METABOLIZE THE GLUCOSE PROPERTY, A CONDITION KNOWN AS INSULIN RESISTANCE. 4. THERE’S NO CURE FOR DIABETES YET. HOWEVER, THERE ARE WAYS TO GET RELIEF FROM ITS SYMPTOMS. FOODS THAT ARE RICH IN CARBOHYDRATES BREAK DOWN INTO GLUCOSE DURING DIGESTION, CAUSING BLOOD GLUCOSE TO RISE. ALSO, STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT COOKED FOODS RAISE BLOOD GLUCOSE HIGHER THAN RAW, UNPEELED FOODS. SO WE SHOULD EAT SUCH UNCOOKED WHOLE GRAIN FOODS. ON THE BASIS OF YOUR READING OF THE ABOVE PASSAGE, MAKE NOTES ON IT USING HEADINGS AND SUB-HEADINGS. USE RECOGNIZABLE ABBREVIATIONS WHEREVER NECESSARY (MINIMUM FOUR).

READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE CAREFULLY: 1. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DIABETES, INSULIN DEPENDENT, AND NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT. 90-95% OF THE ESTIMATED 13-14 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES WITH DIABETES HAVE NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT, OR TYPE II DIABETES. BECAUSE THIS TYPE OF DIABETES USUALLY BEGINS IN ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF 40 AND IS MOST COMMON AFTER THE AGE OF 55, IT USED TO BE CALLED ADULT-ONSET DIABETES, ITS SYMPTOMS OFTEN DEVELOP GRADUALLY AND ARE HARD TO IDENTIFY AT FIRST, THEREFORE NEARLY HALF OF ALL THE PEOPLE WITH DIABETES DO NOT KNOW IT. SO, SOMEONE WHO HAS DEVELOPED TYPE II DIABETES MAY FEEL TIRED OR ILL WITHOUT KNOWING WHY. THIS CAN BE PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS BECAUSE UNTREATED DIABETES CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE HEART, BLOOD VESSELS, EYES, KIDNEYS, AND NERVES. WHILE THE CAUSES, SHORT-TERM EFFECTS, AND TREATMENTS OF THE TWO TYPES OF DIABETES DIFFER, BOTH TYPES CAN CAUSE LONG-TERM HEALTH PROBLEMS. 2. MOST IMPORTANTLY, BOTH TYPES AFFECT THE BODY’S ABILITY TO USE DIGESTED FOOD FOR ENERGY. DIABETES DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH DIGESTION, BUT IT DOES PREVENT THE BODY FROM USING AN IMPORTANT PRODUCT OF DIGESTION, GLUCOSE, FOR ENERGY. AFTER A MEAL, THE NORMAL DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BREAKS SOME FOOD DOWN INTO GLUCOSE. THE BLOOD CARRIES THE GLUCOSE OR SUGAR THROUGHOUT THE BODY, CAUSING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO RISE. IN RESPONSE TO THIS, INSULIN IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM AND SIGNALS THE BODY TISSUES TO METABOLIZE OR BURN THE GLUCOSE FOR FUEL, WHICH CAUSES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS TO RETURN TO NORMAL. THE GLUCOSE THAT THE BODY DOES NOT USE IS STORED IN THE LIVER, MUSCLE OR FAT. 3. IN BOTH TYPES OF DIABETES, THE NORMAL FUNCTION OF GLANDS IS AFFECTED. A GLAND CALLED PANCREAS MAKES INSULIN. IN PEOPLE WITH INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES, THE PANCREAS DOES NOT PRODUCE INSULIN AT ALL. PEOPLE WITH NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES USUALLY PRODUCE SOME INSULIN IN THEIR PANCREAS, BUT THEIR BODY TISSUES DO NOT METABOLIZE THE GLUCOSE PROPERTY, A CONDITION KNOWN AS INSULIN RESISTANCE. 4. THERE’S NO CURE FOR DIABETES YET. HOWEVER, THERE ARE WAYS TO GET RELIEF FROM ITS SYMPTOMS. FOODS THAT ARE RICH IN CARBOHYDRATES BREAK DOWN INTO GLUCOSE DURING DIGESTION, CAUSING BLOOD GLUCOSE TO RISE. ALSO, STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT COOKED FOODS RAISE BLOOD GLUCOSE HIGHER THAN RAW, UNPEELED FOODS. SO WE SHOULD EAT SUCH UNCOOKED WHOLE GRAIN FOODS. ON THE BASIS OF YOUR READING OF THE ABOVE PASSAGE, MAKE NOTES ON IT USING HEADINGS AND SUB-HEADINGS. USE RECOGNIZABLE ABBREVIATIONS WHEREVER NECESSARY (MINIMUM FOUR).

TRUEMAN BIOLOGY-Animal Physiology -ASSERTION AND REASON
  1. [A] : Pancreas is the second largest of the di- gestive glands. [R]...

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  2. [A] : In the embryos liver is haemopoietic, it produces red blood corp...

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  3. [A] : Blood plasma is the slightly alkaline, liv- ing intercellular m...

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  4. [A]: When platelets disintegrate, 5-hydroxy tryptamine and histamine a...

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  5. [A] : Blood platelets play a very important role in coagulation of bl...

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  6. [A]: Prothrombin is necessory for blood clot- ting. , [R]: This is...

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  7. [A] : In frog skull is dicondyiic. [R]: Skull articulates with the...

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  8. [A]: Jaws suspensorium in Mammals is craniostylic. [R]: Articulati...

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  9. [A]: At any given CO2 tension, reduced blood takes up larger amount of...

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  10. [A] : The gall bladderis the chief place for bile storage. [R]: Bi...

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  11. [A]: Choroid plexus is one of two thin-walled greatly folded highly va...

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  12. [A] : Most of the solutes in ECF and cytoplasm are electrolytes, i.e.,...

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  13. [A] : All body cells continuously obtain useful material from, and dis...

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  14. [A] : lnsulin is not given orally. [R]: Insulin is a macromolecule...

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  15. [A] : Thiamine deficiency results in beriberi causing paralysis. [R...

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  16. Assertion. Minerals do not form a component of biologically active com...

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  17. [A] : All terrestrial mammals are air breathers. [R]: Because of t...

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  18. A : Sense organs, do not interpret the stimulus, it is done by brain. ...

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  19. [A] : The record of electric potential that is ini- tiated in the card...

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  20. [A] : in amphibians heart is two chambered. [R]: The oxygenated blo...

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