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Why are pentahalides more covalent than ...

Why are pentahalides more covalent than trihalides?

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The elements of group 15 have five electrons (two in the s-and three in the p-orbitals) in their respective valence shells. Since it is difficult ot loss all the three electrons of form `E^(3+)` or even more difficult to lose all the five valence electrons (two s- and three p-) to form `E^(5+)` ions, therefore, higher elements have no tendency to form ionic compounds. Instead they form covalent compounds by sharing of electrons.
Since elements in the +5 oxidation state have less tendency to loss electrons than in the +3 oxidation state, therefore, elements in the +5 oxidation state are more covalent than in the +3 oxidation state. In other words, pentahalides are more covalent than trihalides.
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Knowledge Check

  • Which of the following group 13 elements forms univalent halides which are more stable than the trihalides?

    A
    `Al`
    B
    `Ga`
    C
    `Tl`
    D
    `In`
  • Lithium iodide is more covalent than lithium chloride due to

    A
    smaller lithium ion
    B
    smaller iodide ion
    C
    larger lithium ion
    D
    larger iodide ion
  • Lil is more covalent than LiCi because _________.

    A
    I is less electronegative than CI
    B
    `I^(-)` is larger than `Cl^(-)`
    C
    I is more electronegative than Cl
    D
    `I^(-)` is smaller anion than `Cl^(-)`
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    Statement- 1 . CuCl is more covalent than NaCl. Statement- 2 . Na^(+) ion is more polarising than Cu^(+) ion .