Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions of organic compounds with the help of the chemical equation for each. Write one use of (i) esters and (ii) saponification process?

Explanation

Esterification. In such a reaction an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid in the presence of conc. `H_(2)SO_(4)` to form sweet smelling compounds called esters.
`CH_(3)COOH+C_(2)H_(5)OH underset("Warm")overset(Conc. H_(2)SO_(4))(to) underset("Ethyl ethanoate (ester)")(CH_(3)COOC_(2)H_(5))+H_(2)O`
Saponification. In such a reaction an ester reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium salt of an acid and alcohol.
`CH_(3)COOC_(2)H_(5)+NaOH overset(" Heat ")(to)C_(2)H_(5)OH+underset("Sodium ethanoate")(CH_(3)COONa)`
It is a sponification reaction.
(i) Esters are used for making of puddings and icecreams, etc.
(ii) Saponification process is used in making of various types of soaps.