What is the difference between soaps and detergements ? State in brief the cleaing action of soaps is removing an oily spot from a fabric. Why are soaps not very effective whene a fabric is washed in hard water ? How is this problem resolved ? .
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Difference betwern soaps and detergents. See Q. 12, 2014-15 (Delhi). Soaps are not effective when a fabric is washed in hard water. Hardness of water is due to
the presence of `Ca^(2+)` and `Mg^(2+)` ions. These ions react with soaps to form white precipitates called scum. This scum sticks to the surface of the clothes and hence soaps are not very effective when a fabric is washed. This problem can be solved by using detergents as they are more soluble in hard water and have better cleansing actions.
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Surfactants are the substances which show surface activity .Detergents possess surface activtiy as wll as detergency . Soaps are anionic class of detergents . It is the hydorphilic part of detergent momencule which possesses the tendecy to attract water moleculse wheras hydrophilic blances part orients away from waer . The hydrophilic-lipphilic balance (HLB) leads to affergation of anooic or non-ionic or cationci part of detergent to form icellse . Each molecule has the defintie concentration at defintie temperature at which it states to aggrater . It is due to teh presence of two moities in their molecules, surffactants stabilize emulision ( a water -oil system ) . Due to larger surface area, the mediacines are more effective in emulion form . Emulisons are w//o or o //w type . A water soluble dye imparts its collour to o//w emulsions. Select the correct statements . I. In multimolecular collidal solutiobatoms of momecules are held togenther by va der Waaks' forces Cleansing action of soap is due to adsorption of iliy and gresy material at hydrophilic centres III. Hydorphilic part of oily and greasy materical at hydrophilic centres IV. The aggergation of ions i.e., micelle formation is independt of temeratrue .
