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What are d-block elements? Why are they ...

What are `d`-block elements? Why are they called transition metals?

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Definition : d-block elements are defined as the elements in which the differentiating electron enters d-orbital of the penultimate shell i.e. `(n-1)` d-orbital where 'n' is the last shell.
The general electronic configuration can be represented as, `(n-1)d^(1-10), ns^(1-2)`.
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