Explain why propanol has a higher boiling point than hydrocarbon butane ?

Explanation

The hydroxyl group in alcohols is highly polar. The H-atom has partial positive charge and the oxygen atom has partial `-ve` charge. The hydroxyl group in propan-1-ol is extensively hydrogen bonded.
(2) Large number of propan -1 - ol molecules associated together by intermolecular hydrogen bonding . The energy required to separate the molecules by breaking hydrogen bond into vapour state is higher. This results increasing in the boiling point of propan - 1 - ol.

(3) On the other hand in n-butane (alkane) there is no hydrogen bonding between the molecules. The molecules of n-butane are held together by weak van der Waals forces of attraction. Hence, these molecules can be easily separated. Thus, propan - 1 - ol has higher boiling point than that of n-butane.