Define test cross and back cross. Give the significance of each of these.

Explanation

I. Definition of test cross :
A cross between an `F_(1)` offspring and its homozygous recessive parent is called a test cross.
Significance of test cross :
(1) The test cross is of great significance in determining the genetic constiution of an organism.
(2) The test cross is a quicker method of improving the variety of a crop plant.
(3) The test cross is an easier and rapid method for obtaining desirable traits in homozygous condition.
The test cross helps in verifying the laws of inheritance.
II. Definition of back cross :
A cross between an `F_(1)` offspring with either of its parents is called a back cross.
Significance of back cross :
(1) The back cross is of great significance as it one of the rapid methods of improving the variety of a crop.
(2) Plant breeders introduce desirable characters in crop plants with the help of a back cross.
(3) Back cross is frequently used in hybridization experiments.