What are vaccines ? Describe the process of vaccine production.

Explanation

(1) A vaccine is a substance which is used to induce the immunity against a particular disease.
(2) It is an antigenic preparation that stimulates the production of antibodies.
(3) Antibodies in trun fight against the infectious disease and help in building up immunity.
(4) Vaccine is produced by growing the organism in a growth medium. These organisms produce large amounts of toxins.
(5) The toxins are later altered to give the toxoids having no toxic action.
(6) These toxoids act as antigens. the immune system recognizes these antigens and produce corresponding antibodies to act against genuine toxins.
(7) The live organisms in the culture are deactivated. The resulting mixture is diluted and mixed with an adjuvant.
(8) The vaccine manufacturing process is summarized in the given figure.