Describe different steps involved in tissue culture technique.

Explanation

(a) Explant Culture :
1. Proper explant is excised from the plant which may be cell, tissue ot a piece of plant organ.
2. Parenchyma tissue or Meristem is used as explants.
3. It is sterilized properly and placed on solid nutrient medium.
4. The cells from explant absorb ntutrients and start multiplying.
(b) Callus formation and its culture :
1. Explant forms uhorganised mass of cells or callus.
2. It has thin walled parenchyma cells.
3. Cells divided by mitosis.
4. Cells are identical.
(c) Organogenesis: Auxins, cytokinins induce organ formation. If auxins are more, roots are formed. If cytokinins are more, shoot system develops.
(d) Formation of cell or suspension culture :
1. Callus is transferred to liquid nutrient medium and agitated.
2. Agitation is carried out constantly at 100-250 rpm.
3. Agitation serves the purpose of aeration mixing of medium and prevents the aggregation of cells.
4. Suspension culture grows much faster than callus culture.