Explain the following terms:
(a) System, surroundings
(b) State function
( c) Heat capacity, molar heat capacity

Explanation

System: It is the specific part of the universe in which energy change are taking place. The size of the system may vary from very small to very large.
Surroundings: They represent the rest of the universe which surrounds the system.
The system and surroundings are separated by a real or imaginary boundary.
b. State function: State functions are the fundamental properties which determine the state of system. Examples of state functions are pressure `(P)`, volume `(V)`, enthalpy `(H)`, free energy `(G)`, temperature `(T)`, internal energy `(E)`, entropy `(S)` and number of moles `(n)`.
c. Heat capacity: The heat capacity `(C )` of a sample of a substance is the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of the sample of the substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). These sre indicated by `C_(V)` and `C_(P). C_(V)` is the heat capacity when the temperature is raised keeping volume constant while `C_(P)` is the heat capacity where pressure is kept contant during temperature rise.
Molar heat capacity: The molar heat capacity is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one Celsius (or one Kelvin)