Describe the chief applications of radioisotopes in `:`
`a.` The study of reactin mechanism
`b.` Medicines

Explanation

`a.` The studey of reaction mechanism `:` For example, the mechanism of ester hydrolysis was established by treating it with water contained `O^(18)` isotope. After the hydrolysis, the `O^(18)` isotope was represented in acid and note in alcohol. This means that the `H-` atom of `H_(2)O` combines with `OR'` part of the ester to form alcohol `(R'OH)`.
`R-overset(O)overset(||)(C )-OR' + overset(18)(HOH) to R - overset(O)overset(||)(C )-overset(18)(O)H + R'OH`
The acid and water containing oxygen `(O^(18))` are also called labelled molecules.
`b.` Medicin `:` The radio isotopes are used in medicines for diagnosis of disease and its treatment `(` therapy `)`.
`i. ``._(53)I^(132)` to diagnose and treat thyroid gland, i.e., goitre and location of brain tumor.
`ii. ``._(15)P^(32)` in the treatment of leukaemia.
`ii. ` `._(27)Co^(60)` to destroy malignant cells such as cancer.
`iv. ` `Na^(24)` in the detection of amount of blood in body.