Write the names and formulae of the oxoacids of chlorine. Explain their structures and relative acidic nature.

Explanation

Four oxyacids of chlorine are known. They are
Hypochlorous acid - HOCl
Chlorous acid - `HClO_(2)`
Chloric acid - `HClO_(3)`
Perchloric acid - `HClO_(4)`
Structure of HClO : In this chlorine atom is `sp^(3)` hybridised. Outer electronic configuration of Cl in `ClO^(-)` after `sp^(3)` hybridisation.


Shape is tetrahedral with 3 lone pairs (or) linear.
No `pi` - bonds.
Chlorous acid : `(HClO_(2))` : Chlorine is in `sp^(3)` hybrid state, in first excited state. Shape is tetrahedral with 2 lone pairs (or) angular one `pi_(d-p)` bond is present.
First excited state


Chloric acid `(HClO_(3))` : The central chlorine atom undergoes `sp^(3)` hybridisation in second excited state.
Second excited state


Shape is tetrahedral with one lone pair (or) pyramidal.
Two `pi_(d-p)` bonds present.
Perchloric aic `(HClO_(4))` : The central chlorine atom undergoes `sp^(3)` hybridisation in third excited state.


Shape is perfect tetrahedral. No lone pairs.
Three `pi_(d-p)` bonds present.