Write the structures of the following hydrates which contains ionic, covalent, coordinates and `H-bonds`.
a. `CuSO_(4).5H_(2)O.` , b.`ZnSO_(4).5H_(2)O`
c. `FeSO_(4).7H_(2)O.`

Explanation

All these hydrates are complex molecules.
a. It is called blue vitriol.
Coordination number of `Cu^(2+)=4`.So, `4 H_(2)O` molecules are coordinated with central `Cu^(2+)` ion.
It is represented as `[Cu(OH_(2))_(4)]^(2+) SO_(4)^(2-).H_(2)O`.
Four `H_(2)O` molecules are linked to `Cu^(2+)` ion by coordinate bonds and one `H_(2)O` molecule is linked by `H`-bonds between a coordinated `H_(2)O` molecule and `SO_(4)^(2-)` ion.

b. `Zn SO_(4).5H_(2)O.` It is called white vitriol. Its structure is similar to blue vitriol since coordination number of `Zn^(2+)=4`.
c. `FeSO_(4).7H_(2)O`. It is called green vitriol. The coordination number of `Fe^(2+)=6`. Therefore, `6H_(2)O` molecules are linked to `Fe^(2+)` ion by coordinate bonds and one `H_(2)O` molecule is linked by `H`-bonds between a coordinated `H_(2)O` molecule and `SO_(4)^(2-)` ion.
`[Fe(OH_(2))_(6)]^(2+)SO_(4)^(2-).H_(2)O`.