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Explain with the help of a diagram, why ...

Explain with the help of a diagram, why a pencil partly immersed in water appears to be bent at the water surface.

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ABC is a pencil immersed partially in water. Rays of light starting from A suffer refraction at the water surface XY, bend away from normal and appear to come from A'. Therefore, the pencil ABC appears as A'BC, bent at the water surface at B.
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