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Calculate the compare the energy release...

Calculate the compare the energy released by (a) fusion of 1.0 kg of hydrogen deep within the sun and (b) the fission of 1.0 kg of `.^235U` in a fission reactor.

Text Solution

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(a)Equation of fusion reaction,
`4._1^1H to ._2^4H + 2 ._(+1)^0e`+ 26 MeV
`therefore` 26 MeV of energy is released on combination of four H nuclei
Number of nuclei in 1 kg of hydrogen
`=6.023xx10^23xx1000`
`therefore ` Energy released ,
`E_H=6.023xx10^26xx26` MeV
`E_H=3.913xx10^27` MeV
(b) Fission of one `._92^235U` nucleus releases 200 MeV of energy .
Number of nuclei in 1 kg of `._92^235U = (6.023xx10^23xx1000)/235`
`therefore` Energy released , `E_U=(6.023xx10^23xx1000xx200)/(235)`
`=5.12xx10^26` MeV
`therefore E_H/E_U=(3.913xx10^27)/(5.12xx10^26)` = 7.6
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In has been estimated that the total energy radiated by the sun is 3.8xx10^26 J per second. The source of energy of stars is a thermonuclear reaction called nuclear fusion. Fusion reactions are not controlled. It is presumed that the energy of stars is due to two processes called proton-proton cycle and carbon nitrogen cycle. Fusion cannot take place at ordinary temperature. This, hydrogen bomb uses a small fission bomb, which on explosion causes the temperature to rise very high about 10^7 K. We have yet to see how a hydrogen bomb can be used for peaceful life-sustaining purpose. Energy released in the process of fusion is due to mass defect. It is also called Q-value. Q =Deltamc^2 , Deltam= mass defect Answer the following questions based on above passage: Fusion reaction takes place at about: