For the complexes showing the square pyramidal structure, the d-orbital involved in the hybridisation is:

Options

A. `d_(x^(2)-y^(2))`
B. `d_(x^(2))`
C. `d_(xy)`
D. `d_(x z)`

Answer

To determine the d-orbital involved in the hybridization of complexes showing a square pyramidal structure, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Square Pyramidal Structure
The square pyramidal structure is characterized by a central atom surrounded by five ligands. Four of these ligands are positioned at the corners of a square base, while the fifth ligand is located above or below the center of the square.

**Hint:** Visualize the arrangement of ligands in a square pyramidal structure to understand how they are oriented around the central atom.

### Step 2: Identify the Hybridization
For a square pyramidal structure, the hybridization involved is dsp³. This means that one d-orbital, one s-orbital, and three p-orbitals are mixed to form five hybrid orbitals.

**Hint:** Recall that hybridization involves the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for bonding.

### Step 3: Determine the d-Orbital Involved
In the case of square pyramidal geometry, the specific d-orbital that participates in the hybridization is the dₓ² - y² orbital. This orbital is oriented in such a way that it can effectively overlap with the ligands in the square plane and accommodate the axial ligand.

**Hint:** Remember that the d-orbitals have different orientations, and identifying the correct one is key to understanding the bonding in coordination compounds.

### Step 4: Conclusion
Thus, for complexes with a square pyramidal structure, the d-orbital involved in the hybridization is the dₓ² - y² orbital.

**Final Answer:** The d-orbital involved in the hybridization for square pyramidal complexes is dₓ² - y².