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What is the effect on neutron to proton ...

What is the effect on neutron to proton ratio in a nucleus when (i) an electron, (ii) a positron is emitted?

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In emission of an electron, a neutron is converted into a proton. Therefore, number of neutrons decreases and the number of protons increases. The neutron to proton ratio decreases. In the emission of a positron, a proton is converted into a neutron. Hence the ratio increases.
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