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Mention the property of electromagnetic radiation (wave nature or particle nature or both) that can best explain the following phenomena- (i) photoelectric effect (ii) interference (iii) black body radiation (iv) diffraction (v)Planck's equation (E=hv) (vi) Einstein's equation (E=mc^2)

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Particle nature of electromagnetic radiation.
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The french physicist Louis de Broglie in 1924 postulated that matter like radiation show a dual behaviour . He proposed the following relationship between the wavelength lambda of a material particle its linear momentum p and planck constant h lamda=h/p =h/(mv) The de broglie relation implies that the wavelength of a particle should decreases as its velocity increases . it also implies that for a given velocity heavier particles should have shorter wavelength than lighter particles. The waves associated with particles in motion are called matter waves or de broglie waves. These waves differ from the electromagnetic waves as they (i) have lower velocities (ii) have no electrical and magnetic fields and (iii) are not emitted by the particle under consideration . The experimental confirmation of the de-broglie relation was obtained when Davisson ans Germer in 1927 observed that a beam of electrons is diffracted by a nickel crystal . as diffraction a characteristics property of waves hence the beam of electron behaves as a wave, as proposed by de-broglie. If proton, electron and alpha -particle are moving with same kinetic energy then the order of de-Broglie's wavelength

The french physicist Louis de Broglie in 1924 postulated that matter like radiation show a dual behaviour . He proposed the following relationship between the wavelength lamda of a material particle its linear momentum p and planck constant h lamda=h/p =h/(mv) The de broglie relation implies that the wavelength of a particle should decreases as its velocity increases . it also implies that for a given velocity heavier particles should have shorter wavelength than lighter particles. The waves associated with particles in motion are called matter waves or de broglie waves. These waves differ from the electromagnetic waves as they (i) have lower velocities (ii) have no electrical and magnetic fields and (iii) are not emitted by the particle under consideration . The experimental confirmation of the de-broglie relation was obtained when Davisson ans Germer in 1927 observed that a beam of electrons is diffracted by a nickel crystal . as diffraction a characteristics property of waves hence the beam of electron behaves as a wave, as proposed by de-broglie. de- Broglie wavelength of an electron travelling with speed equal to 1% of the speed of light

Electromagnetic waves propagate through free space or a medium as transverse waves. The electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other as well as perpendicular to the direction of propagation of waves at each point. In the direction of wave propagation, electric field vecE and magnetic field vecB form a right-handed cartesian coordinate system. During the propagation of electromagnetic wave, total energy of electromagnetic wave is distributed equally between electric and magnetic fields. Since in_0 and mu_0 are permittivity and permeability of free space, the velocity of electromagnetic wave, c=(in_0 mu_0)^(-1//2) . Energy density i.e., energy in unit volume due to electric field at any point, u_E=1/2in_0E^2 Similarly, energy density due to magnetic field , u_M=1/(2mu_0)B^2 . If the electromagnetic wave propagates along x-direction, then the equations of electric and magnetic field are respectively. E=E_0sin(omegat-kx) and B=B_0sin(omegat-kx) Here, the frequency and the wavelength of oscillating electric and magnetic fields are f=omega/(2pi) and lambda=(2pi)/k respectively. Thus E_"rms"=E_0/sqrt2 and B_"rms"=B_0/sqrt2 , where E_0/B_0=c . Therefore, average energy density baru_E=1/2in_0E_"rms"^2 and baru_M=1/(2mu_0)B_"rms"^2 . The intensity of the electromagnetic wave at a point, I=cbaru=c(baru_E+baru_B) . To answer the following questions , we assume that in case of propagation of electromagnetic wave through free space, c=3xx10^8 m.s^(-1) and mu_0=4pixx10^(-7) H.m^(-1) If the peak value of electric field at a point in electromagnetic wave is 15 V . m^(-1) , then average electrical energy density (in j . m^(-3) )

Find (i) the centre (ii) the vertices (iii) the equations of the axes (iv) the length of axes (v) the eccentricities (vi) the lengths of latera recta (vii) the coordinates of foci and (viii) the equations of the directrices of the following two hyperbolas: 4x^(2) - 9y^(2) + 8x + 36y = 68 3x^(2) - 3y^(2) - 18x + 12y + 2 = 0

Find (i) the centre, (ii) vertices, (iii) equations of the axes, (iv) lengths of the axes (v) eccentricity,(vi) the length of latus rectum, (vii) coordinates of foci and (viii) the equations of the directrices of each of the following ellipses : 9x^(2) +5y^(2) - 30y = 0

Find (i) the centre, (ii) vertices, (iii) equations of the axes, (iv) lengths of the axes (v) eccentricity,(vi) the length of latus rectum, (vii) coordinates of foci and (viii) the equations of the directrices of each of the following ellipses : 3x^(2) +4y^(2) +6x -8y = 5

Concentrated H_(2)SO_(4) is added to each of the five test tubes containing (i) NaBr, (ii) sugar, (iii) sulphur powder, (iv) KCl and (v) copper turnings. The test tubes are then heated. Identify in which of the test tubes the following changes will be observed. The observations are: formation of a black substance. Support your answer with the help of a chemical equation in this case.

Find (i) the centre, (ii) vertices, (iii) equations of the axes, (iv) lengths of the axes (v) eccentricity,(vi) the length of latus rectum, (vii) coordinates of foci and (viii) the equations of the directrices of each of the following ellipses : ((x+1)^(2))/(9)+((y-2)^(2))/(5)=1

CHHAYA PUBLICATION-STRUCTURE OF ATOM-WARM UP EXERCISE
  1. Differentiate betweena quantum and a photon.

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  2. Enegy associated with X-rays is higher than that of visible light-expl...

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  3. Mention the property of electromagnetic radiation (wave nature or part...

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  4. Give examples of production of -(i) photons from electrons (ii) electr...

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  5. (i) Mention the factors affecting the kinetic energy of the photoelect...

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  6. Why are the photoelectric work functions different for differet metals...

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  7. Explain- The role of threshold frequency is photoelectric effect is in...

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  8. An electron beam on hitting a ZnS screen produces scintillations on it...

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  9. An electron beam after hitting a nickel crystal produces a diffraction...

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  10. Mention the property of electromagnetic radiation (wave nature or part...

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  11. Give two examples of particle nature of electromangetic radiation.

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  12. What type of spectrum will be obtained if the electron of H-atom appro...

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  13. Name the series of spectral lines observed I the visible regionn of hy...

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  14. Indicate spectral regions corresponding to Lyman, Balmer, Paschen & br...

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  15. Which electronic transitionn corresponds to the third line in the Balm...

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  16. Name the five series in the atomic spectrum of hydrogen.

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  17. Why is the line spectrum of an element known as the fingerprint of its...

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  18. how would you obtain the line spectrum of hydrogen?

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  19. Give Rydberg formula for the calculation of wave number of various spe...

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  20. Name the series of spectral lines obtained, when electrons from variou...

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