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Explain the terms hard water and soft wa...

Explain the terms hard water and soft water. Write a note on the
(i) Ion - exchange method.

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Water which gives ready and permanent lather with soap is called soft water.
Water which do not give ready and permanent lather with soap is called hard water.
Hardness of water is due to the presence of soluble chloride, sulphate and bicarbonate compounds of magnisium and calcium such as `MgCl_(2), MgSO_(4), Mg(HCO_(3))_(2), CaCl_(2), CaSO_(4), Ca(HCO_3)_(2)`.
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