Discuss the simple pendulum in detail.

Explanation

(i) A pendulum is a mechanical system which exhibits periodic motion.
(ii) It has a bob with mass m suspended by a long string (assumed to be massless and inextensible string) and be the other end is fixed on a stand.
(iii) When a pendulum is displaced through a small displacement from its equilibrium position and released from bob of the pendulum executes to and fro motion.
(iv) Let l be the length of the pendulum. The gravitational force acting on the body `(vec(F)=mvec(g))` which acts vertically downwards.
(v) The tension in the string `vec(T)` which acts along the string to the point of suspension Resolving the gravitational force into its components.
a. Normal component: The component along the string but in `F_(as)=mgcostheta` . opposition to the direction of tension.
b. Tangential component : The component `F_(PS)=mg sin theta`.
perpendicular to the string , i.e., along tangential direction of arc of swing.