Why Mendel's pea plants are tall and dwarf ? Find out the molecular explanation.

Explanation

Molecular characterization of Mendel's gene for plant height. The plant height is controlled by a single gene with two alleles. The reason for this difference plant height is due to the following facts :
(i) The cells of the pea plant have the ability to convert a precursor molecule of gibberellins into an active form (GAI).
(ii) Tall pea plants have one allele (Le) that codes for a protein (functionalenzyme) which functions normally in the gibberellin-synthesis pathway and catayzes the formation of gibberellins (GAI).
(iii) The allele is domonant even if it is two (Le Le) or single (Le Le), it produces gibberellins and the pea plants are tall.
(iv) Dwarf pea plants have two recessive alleles (le le) which code for non-functional protein, hence they are dwarf.