What is molecular diagnosis ? E xplain .

Explanation

Molecular diagnosis : Effective treatment of diseases require early diagnosis and understanding of their pathophysiology .
Early diagnoisis of diseases is not possible by conventional techniques likes serum and urine analysis , sputum and stool analysis etc .
Modern techniques like rDNA,PCR,ELISA and RIA are used for early diagnosis.
`cdot` Infection of pathogens (viruses , bacteria etc) is suspected only when they produce disease symptoms.
`cdot` By this time the pathogens have multiplied in the body .
`cdot` But by PCR , amplification of nucleotide is possible and thus it is possible to detect bacteria virus even at very low concentrations.
e.g. :HIV detection , genetic disorders `cdot`Modern techniques can also help in the identification of mutated genes in humans.
`ast`A single stranded DNA or RNA , tagged with a radioactive probe is allowed to hybridise with its complemantary DNA in a clone of cells , followed by detection by using autoradiography.
`ast` The clone having mutated gene will not apper in the photographic film because the probe will not have complementary nitrogen base with the mutated gene.
In ELISA test the infection of pathogen ( viruses, bacteria, fungi, mycoplasm like organism ) can detect the antibodies synthesised against the pathogen.