The parts of the neurons that perform basic cellular functions such as protein synthesis etc. :

Options

A. Axons
B. Dendrites
C. Synaptic knobs
D. Soma

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Neuron Structure**: Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses. They consist of several parts: the soma (cell body), dendrites, axon, and synaptic terminals.

2. **Identifying the Function of Each Part**:
- **Dendrites**: These are the branched extensions of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons.
- **Axon**: This is a long projection that transmits impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles.
- **Synaptic Terminals**: These are the endings of the axon that release neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons.
- **Soma (Cell Body)**: This part contains the nucleus and organelles necessary for the cell's metabolic activities.

3. **Focusing on Basic Cellular Functions**: The question specifically asks for the part of the neuron that performs basic cellular functions such as protein synthesis.

4. **Analyzing the Soma**: The soma is crucial for the overall functioning of the neuron. It contains organelles like:
- **Ribosomes**: Responsible for protein synthesis.
- **Endoplasmic Reticulum**: Involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.
- **Golgi Apparatus**: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.
- **Mitochondria**: Provides energy for cellular processes.

5. **Conclusion**: Since the soma is responsible for synthesizing proteins and carrying out essential cellular functions, it is the correct answer to the question.

**Final Answer**: The parts of the neurons that perform basic cellular functions such as protein synthesis are the **soma**.

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