Phase space diagrams are useful tools in analysing all kond of dynamical problems. Theya re especially useful in studying the changes in motion as initial position and momentum are changed. Here we consider some simple dynamical system in one-dimelnsion. for such systeam, phase space is a plane in which position is plotted along horizontal axis and momentum is plotted along vertical axis. The phase space diagram is `x(t)` vs. `p(t)` curve in this plane. The arrow on the curve indicates the time flow. for example, the phase space diagram for a particle moving with constant velocity is a straight line as shown in the figure. We use the sign convention in which position or momentum. upwards (or to right) is positive and downwards (or to left) is negative. Consider the spring-mass system, with mass submerged in water, as shown in the figur, the phase diagram for one cycle of this system is :