Find the suitable method from the following to prepare primary amines without the loss of carbons.

Options

A. Gabriel method
B. Alkylation method
C. Hoffmann Bromamide method
D. Stephen method

Answer

A

Explanation

Gabriel method is the suitable method for the preparaton of primary amines without the loss of carbons. This reaction is used for the preparation of `1^@` aliphatic amine and `1^@` aromatic amine (containing electron withdrawing group at 0- and p- positon e.g. `NO_2` group).
Phthalimide on treatment with ethanolic KOH forms potassium salt of phthalimide which on heating with RX followed by either alkaline hydrolysis or hydrazinolysis with hydrazine `(H_2N.NH_2)` produces the corresponding `1^@` amine.