P - nitroanilin is a weaker base than aniline. Explain.

Explanation

In p - nitroaniline, the electron - attacting - `NO_(2)` group by its stronger -R effect and relativey weaker -I effect makes the nitrogen atom of the -`NH_(2)` group relatively more positive compared to the nitrogen atom of aniline. As a result, the availability of the unshared pair of electrons on nitrogen atom in p - nitroaniline is highly reduced as compared to the unshared electron pair on nitrogen in aniline. For this reason, p - nitroaniline behaces as a weaker base compared to anline.