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Nitration of aniline with 98% H2SO4 and...

Nitration of aniline with 98% `H_2SO_4` and conc.
`HNO_3` occurs very slowly and mainly meta substitution occurs- Why ?

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In the presence of 98% `H_2SO_4` the `-overset(..)NH_2` group of aniline takes up a proton `(overset(oplus)H)` and is converted to an electorn-attracting (-I) and meta-directing `-overset(oplus)NH_3` group. Electron withtrawal by `-overset(oplus)NH_3` group occurs to such an extent that electrophilic attack of `-overset(oplus)NO_2` group occurs very slowly. This accounts for the extremely slow rate of nitration of aniline and formation of mainly meta -substituted product under strongly acidic conditions.
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CHHAYA PUBLICATION-HYDROCARBONS-(QUESTION-ANSWER ZONE FOR BOARD EXAMINATION (Short answer type)
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  8. How will you remove traces of aniline present in benzene ?

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  9. How can traces of phenol present in a sample of benzene be removed ?

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  10. Why groups like -CHO,-NO2,-B(OR)3,-overset(oplus)PBr3 and -overset(opl...

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  11. Arrange the compounds in increasing order of their rate of nitration a...

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