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While filling up of electrons in the ato...

While filling up of electrons in the atomic orbitals, the 4s-orbital is filled before the 3d-orbital. Explain why.

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Energy of the subshell increases with increase in the value of (n + l), where n is principal quantum number and l is azimuthal quantum number.
In case of 3d - subshell, `(n+l)=(3+2)=5`
In case of 4s-subshell `(n+l)=(4+0)=4`
From this it is clear that, the energy of 4s-subshell is less than that of 3d-sushell. Hence electron goes to the 4s-subshell first, in preference to the 3d-subshell.
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