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Why are + 3 oxidation states of gadolini...

Why are + 3 oxidation states of gadolinium and lutetium stable ?

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The electronic configurations of `Gd^(3+)([Xe]4f^(7))` and `Lu^(3+)([Xe]4f^(14))` are very stable due to half - filled and completely filled 4f - orbitals respectively. Hence, `Gd^(3+)` and `Lu^(3+)` are highly stable.
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CHHAYA PUBLICATION-D - AND F - BLOCK ELEMENTS -EXERCISE (SHORT ANSWER-TYPE QUESTIONS)
  1. E(Cr^(3+)|Cr^(2+))^(0)=-0.4V, E(Mn^(3+)|Mn^(2+))^(0)=+1.5V, E(Fe^(3+...

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  2. Cr is a solid metal while Hg is a liquid metal - give reasons.

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  3. Both transition elements and representative elements exhibit variable ...

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  4. The value of third ionisation enthalpy of manganese is much higher tha...

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  5. Transition elements have higher enthalpies of atomisation. Why ?

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  6. For first row transition metals, E^(0) values are irregular - explain.

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  7. Actinoids exhibit more oxidation states than lanthanoids. Why ?

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  8. To calculate the magnetic moment of lanthanoid ions, both spin angular...

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  9. Why are + 3 oxidation states of gadolinium and lutetium stable ?

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  10. The colour of complex compounds of d - block elements depends on the l...

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  11. Why is the value of magnetic moment of actinoids less than that of lan...

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  12. Discuss three dissimilarities between lanthanoids and actinoids.

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  13. Why are transition elements having d^(1) - configuration unstable ?

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  14. Discuss the characteristic properties of the transition elements with ...

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  15. How is K(2)Cr(2)O(7) prepared from chromite ore ? Give the reactions i...

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  16. Describe the process of KMnO(4) preparation from pyrolusite ore. Menti...

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  17. {:(,IE(1)+IE(2),IE(3)+IE(4)),("Element",(KJ.mol^(-1)),(KJ.mol^(-1))),(...

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  18. A blackish - brown solid (A) is oxidised in air with the hydroxide of ...

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  19. Explain the behaviour of lanthanoids with respect to the following - (...

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  20. State three uses of KMnO(4) and K(2)Cr(2)O(7) each.

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