You have a mixture of three liquids A, B and C. There is a large difference in the boiling points of A and rest of the tow liquids i.e., B and C. Boiling point of liquids B and C are quite close. Liquid A boils at a higher temperature than B and C and boiling point B is lower than C. How will you separate the components of the mixture. Draw a diagram showing set up of the apparatus for the process.

Explanation

The boiling points are in the order of `A gt C gt B`.
Liquid A can be separated from rest of the mixture of liquid B and C by simple distillation B and C can be separated by fractional distaillation.

Due to the fact that boiling point of A is much higher than of liquid B and C. This can be done by using apparatus as shown in figure (I). As the boiling points of liquid (B) and (C) are quite close but much lower than that of A, hence, mixture of liquid (B) and (C) will distill together leaving behind liquid (A).

On further heating liquid (A) will distill over. Now, place the mixture of liquid (B) and (C) in a flask fitted with fractionating column as illustrated in figure. (II). On fractional distillation, liquid (B) will distill over first and then liquid (C) as former possess lower boiling point than that of later.