Assertion (A) p-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol.
Reason (R) Nitro group helps in the stabilisation of the phenoxide ion by dispersal of negative charge due to resonance.

Options

A. Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
B. Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
C. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
D. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Explanation

To solve the question, we need to analyze both the assertion and the reason provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Assertion (A)**:
- The assertion states that p-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol.
- To evaluate this, we need to consider the structure of both compounds.
- Phenol has the formula C6H5OH, while p-nitrophenol has a nitro group (-NO2) attached to the para position of the phenolic ring.

2. **Acidity of Phenol and p-Nitrophenol**:
- Acidity in organic compounds often depends on the stability of the conjugate base formed after deprotonation.
- When phenol loses a proton (H+), it forms the phenoxide ion (C6H5O-).
- In p-nitrophenol, the presence of the nitro group is an electron-withdrawing group, which increases the acidity of the compound.

3. **Effect of the Nitro Group**:
- The nitro group stabilizes the phenoxide ion through resonance.
- This stabilization occurs because the nitro group can help disperse the negative charge on the oxygen atom of the phenoxide ion through resonance structures.

4. **Conclusion on Assertion**:
- Since the nitro group increases the stability of the phenoxide ion, it makes p-nitrophenol more acidic than phenol.
- Therefore, the assertion (A) is correct.

5. **Understanding the Reason (R)**:
- The reason states that the nitro group helps in the stabilization of the phenoxide ion by dispersal of negative charge due to resonance.
- This is true because the resonance structures allow the negative charge to be delocalized, which stabilizes the ion.

6. **Conclusion on Reason**:
- Since the reason provided correctly explains why p-nitrophenol is more acidic, it is also correct.

7. **Final Answer**:
- Both the assertion (A) and the reason (R) are correct, and the reason is the correct explanation for the assertion.