The male and female gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence in `:`

Options

A. Algae and bryophytes
B. Broyophytes and pteridophytes
C. Ferns and liverworts
D. Gymnosperms and angiosperms

Answer

To answer the question, "The male and female gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence in:", we need to analyze the characteristics of different plant groups regarding their gametophytes.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Gametophytes**:
- Gametophytes are the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants, producing gametes (sperm and eggs).
- In some plants, these gametophytes can exist independently, while in others, they are dependent on the sporophyte.

2. **Identifying Plant Groups**:
- The question provides four options:
- Algae and bryophytes
- Bryophytes and pteridophytes
- Ferns and liverworts
- Gymnosperms and angiosperms

3. **Analyzing Each Group**:
- **Algae and Bryophytes**: In bryophytes (like mosses), the gametophyte is the dominant phase and exists independently.
- **Bryophytes and Pteridophytes**: Similar to the previous point, both groups have independent gametophytes.
- **Ferns and Liverworts**: Both ferns (a type of pteridophyte) and liverworts have free-living gametophytes.
- **Gymnosperms and Angiosperms**: In these seed-bearing plants, the male and female gametophytes do not have an independent existence. They develop within the sporophyte and are retained in structures like cones (gymnosperms) or flowers (angiosperms).

4. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **Gymnosperms and Angiosperms**. In these groups, the male and female gametophytes are not free-living and depend on the sporophyte for their existence.

### Final Answer:
The male and female gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence in **Gymnosperms and Angiosperms**.