Taking example under category, discuss upstream and downstream processing.

Explanation

The fermentation of process is the basis of many industries in order to produce diverse products.Fermentation means a process in which microorganisms that are cultured on a large scale, convert a substrate into a product which is useful to human.
The fermentation process is divided into two stages namely
Upstream and downstream processing both of these processes can be discussed taking an example of citric acid production

The upstream processing in biotechnology involves identifying a material. this forms the initial process of fermentation. it deals with inoculum preparation, preparation of culture media, scale up of the entrie process and incoulation.
When the products are subjected to a series of processes including separation and purification of the product. it is collectively known as downstream processing it deals with the post-harvest product, i.e., recovery-clarification, purification, polishing an formulation till the packaging of the desired product.